HISTORICAL CONTEXT IN WHICH THE WORK IS INSERTED Thomas Aquinas.
In 1215 the priest Domingo de Guzman Burgos Tolosa based on an Order of Preachers, a Predicatorum Ordo Fratrum, ex professo dedicated to preaching and defense of Catholic dogma (apologetic). In this order of 'preaching friars' paid Thomas Aquinas in 1243.
After a period of study and learning under the tutelage of Albert the Great, first in Paris and later in Cologne, was established as a lecturer at the University of Paris 1252, while studying to achieve the degree of doctor, who won in 1256 and was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the same university this year. Then, they were very professorial cited his early writings, especially the super Scripta libri Sententiarum (commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard). Required in 1259 in Rome by Pope Alexander IV and remains close to the curia, as a counselor and theologian, apologist, for nine years. Rome obtained leave to return to Paris in 1268, in order to soak up the view Averroists that threatened to undermine the principle of the teaching authority of the Church, to uphold the principle of double truth. During this stay polemicized from his chair with Averroist Siger of Brabant, who was quick to disavow as a theologian. Despite his efforts to refute the Averroism and other 'deviations' doctrine will develop much more patient and written extensively, with this great Refutatio, the most lean of his extensive literary production. But the originality and power of it is to be found not only in theological and apologetic plane, but in the more purely philosophical as after disallowing Averroism from a theological perspective, it was decided to do so in the field developing a vast philosophical reinterpretation Aristotle's thought, will end up not only disavowing the Averroists proposals, but those of Averroes himself, the wisest of the Gentiles. While carrying out this task, and according to the Augustinian principle of surveillance of rationality in faith (albeit from a naturalistic perspective), was defending the idea of \u200b\u200bperfect rationality of the Catholic principle of subordination of the temporal power of the Church from the base of the theological definition of a natural law in which the hierarchy is presented as a providential order. All this enormous task enrolled in its two larger works: the Summa contra gentiles (1261-1264), and the Summa Theologica (1265-1273), which is his major work, and could not complete since death surprised the 'angelic doctor' way of Lyon, to participate in the Council, while almost culminated in its drafting.
An outstanding feature, and often forgotten or dismissed from the work of Thomas Aquinas, is its current doctrinal synthesizer as seemingly disparate as they may be those that express the writings of Aristotle, Plato, Augustine, Boethius, Averroes , Avicenna, Maimonides, Ibn Gabirol, etc. About this same trait of 'inculturation' which has its work will also be interesting to observe that the work of re-reading the original texts Aristotle was possible thanks to the work of the Toledo School of Translators, which was the institution which made the Latin version of the texts of Aristotle. These texts, Aristotle, only known from fragmentary references and to the translation from Arabic into Latin of the version Córdoba (Arabic), and formed the basis of reading literature that French Averroists comments made both to the work of Averroes aristotelian as the sources 'original' of Aristotle. Thomas Aquinas used the term 'heathen', Pauline descent to refer to theologians Averroist attached to the doctrine, ie the scholastics, Muslim or not, whose readings and reflections came from these sources Toledo.
In 1215 the priest Domingo de Guzman Burgos Tolosa based on an Order of Preachers, a Predicatorum Ordo Fratrum, ex professo dedicated to preaching and defense of Catholic dogma (apologetic). In this order of 'preaching friars' paid Thomas Aquinas in 1243.
After a period of study and learning under the tutelage of Albert the Great, first in Paris and later in Cologne, was established as a lecturer at the University of Paris 1252, while studying to achieve the degree of doctor, who won in 1256 and was appointed Professor of Philosophy at the same university this year. Then, they were very professorial cited his early writings, especially the super Scripta libri Sententiarum (commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard). Required in 1259 in Rome by Pope Alexander IV and remains close to the curia, as a counselor and theologian, apologist, for nine years. Rome obtained leave to return to Paris in 1268, in order to soak up the view Averroists that threatened to undermine the principle of the teaching authority of the Church, to uphold the principle of double truth. During this stay polemicized from his chair with Averroist Siger of Brabant, who was quick to disavow as a theologian. Despite his efforts to refute the Averroism and other 'deviations' doctrine will develop much more patient and written extensively, with this great Refutatio, the most lean of his extensive literary production. But the originality and power of it is to be found not only in theological and apologetic plane, but in the more purely philosophical as after disallowing Averroism from a theological perspective, it was decided to do so in the field developing a vast philosophical reinterpretation Aristotle's thought, will end up not only disavowing the Averroists proposals, but those of Averroes himself, the wisest of the Gentiles. While carrying out this task, and according to the Augustinian principle of surveillance of rationality in faith (albeit from a naturalistic perspective), was defending the idea of \u200b\u200bperfect rationality of the Catholic principle of subordination of the temporal power of the Church from the base of the theological definition of a natural law in which the hierarchy is presented as a providential order. All this enormous task enrolled in its two larger works: the Summa contra gentiles (1261-1264), and the Summa Theologica (1265-1273), which is his major work, and could not complete since death surprised the 'angelic doctor' way of Lyon, to participate in the Council, while almost culminated in its drafting.
An outstanding feature, and often forgotten or dismissed from the work of Thomas Aquinas, is its current doctrinal synthesizer as seemingly disparate as they may be those that express the writings of Aristotle, Plato, Augustine, Boethius, Averroes , Avicenna, Maimonides, Ibn Gabirol, etc. About this same trait of 'inculturation' which has its work will also be interesting to observe that the work of re-reading the original texts Aristotle was possible thanks to the work of the Toledo School of Translators, which was the institution which made the Latin version of the texts of Aristotle. These texts, Aristotle, only known from fragmentary references and to the translation from Arabic into Latin of the version Córdoba (Arabic), and formed the basis of reading literature that French Averroists comments made both to the work of Averroes aristotelian as the sources 'original' of Aristotle. Thomas Aquinas used the term 'heathen', Pauline descent to refer to theologians Averroist attached to the doctrine, ie the scholastics, Muslim or not, whose readings and reflections came from these sources Toledo.
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