currently on Platonism.
twenty-five years ago the American anarchist epistemologist PK Feyerabend, methodological antiparadigma promoter 'anything goes' vindicated the figure of Plato in some of its publications (do not Plato ... thesis on knowledge proanarquistas (1980-82 ), then his book Against Method - Outline of an anarchistic theory of knowledge .) But that was no more than a joke with this iconoclastic philosopher seeking some kind of demoralizing effect on some academic and institutional interest. Besides the fact that wink is that there is a movement today Platonic or Neoplatonic importance of exercising influence in the contemporary world. It is true that communism or the so-called 'real socialism' before the fall of the Berlin Wall (1989) claimed the proposal Platonic 'dictatorship of the wise', or the philosopher king archon or a philosophical precedent figure more Marxist Leninist, the 'democratic centralism' (And former USSR countries 'East'). But aside from these proposals a bit forced and the aforementioned Feyerabend's anarchistic winks, we can not say that there are currently no ethics (rigorous and paradigmatic) or aesthetics (canonical), and an epistemology (ideas object unchanged) or a policy (since the end of utopia preached by the sociologist H. Marcuse, 1973), or a general conception of reality (dichotomy world of ideas / world of sensations) that may be claimed as platonic and have now , at least in our cultural environment closest (in the West). And, finally, our world of 2009 is not very 'ideal' on in the Platonic sense of the term. Some say that what we experience is a dystopia. About
of Thomism today.
As of Thomism today may not be an exaggeration to say that since its original edition, that is, from s. XIII, has never ceased to be current. And this for two reasons: its institutional character from the ecclesiastical point of view (Thomism is the doctrinal basis of the official theology of the Catholic Church since its original edition, and might even say it was a theology that was officer from the same origin: the Aquinas worked 'on request' and directly to the Roman papacy, against "Muslim Scholars", ie "against Gentiles'), and institutional in character but now also from the scholarly point of view or, in time, university : University of Navarra, Pontificia de Salamanca, of Deusto (Bilbao), the de Louvain (Belgium), Loyola University (Chicago), and many other religious institutions, spread all over the world, and the operating departments devoted to exegesis and updating the thought of Thomas Aquinas.
Moreover, important contemporary thinkers such as E. Mounier, H. Bergson, E. Gilson, Fr Copleston (author of one of the 'history of philosophy' most influential of all time), and others (in Spain could cite the metaphysical X. Zubiri) have been very fond of the proposals and questions raised by Thomas Aquinas. Today
very current debates on euthanasia, abortion, birth control, prevention of AIDS and other pandemics, the so-called 'new gender relations', the new natural lawyers applications (eg in the context of the laws Europeans), etc, have in fact in his approach to many of the assumptions on these subjects were established by Thomas himself or neo-Thomists of the importance of Granada F. Suarez (which influenced the thinking of Descartes).
currently on the Cartesian.
Rather than present the Cartesian, that is, strictly Cartesian approaches (those of Descartes: Cartesius), we must speak now of rationalism. And what can be said about this particular issue is that rationalism, from Descartes but, above all, from the fans and followers of the thought of R. Descartes (from B. de Spinoza, Bl. Pascal, GG Leibniz, and from critics of the Cartesian and rationalism in the broadest sense, including those who could cite to I. Kant: ss XVII and XVIII) has never ceased to exert great influence in our media culture today. And this for the reason that since Descartes, the second radical thinker in the history of philosophy (the first was Socrates, and the third is coming), we can not say that solutions to problems depends on their correct approach (rules of method) and the assumption of the principle also Cartesian extraction, these solutions must be sought exclusively in the realm of the rational, avoiding both prejudice and dogmatism.
Moreover Cartesius the figure of the century continued to attract XX thinkers such as Noam Chomsky, the American nativism Cartesian associated with the philosophical basis of the 'generative grammar', or as the French philosopher (neo-Thomist) E. Gilson which he dedicated to Address a text analysis method in which was detailed to specify the semantic meaning and scope of all the terms included in Le Discours de la Méthode (either pour conduire sa raison, et Chercher la verite dans les sciences). [... In The Discourse on Method. To drive well his reason, and to seek truth in science].
currently on Kantian moral formalism.
The first point of the Declaration on the Rights of Man and Citizen (France, August 1789, prior to the drafting of the Constitution: "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. The social differences can not have a foundation other than the common good") part of a categorical imperative, as such, expresses a good will is not looking, regardless of the good in itself and for itself, no other reward. If we consider that the Bill of Rights, which was later retrofitted to the new circumstances after the 2nd GM (December 10, 1948) as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides rights for most of humanity are still far from being achieved in practice would have little choice but to consider the contemporary relevance of moral philosophical thought, the Kantian, is total. This is also the opinion of such influential thinkers as German J. J. Habermas or the U.S. Rawls, each from a different perspective (Habermas from their proposals on communicative action and the practical interest-cognitive Rawls from his attempts to redefine liberalism from scratch in a social sense), try to update in practice this legacy of modernity. Not lacking in this comprehensive critical thinking, for example, Esperanza Guisan English with his' Manifesto Hedonistic 'pamphlet' antiaxiológico "truly inspiring, especially for those who seek happiness only in areas closer.
On Marxism Today
Although from the viewpoint of Marxist political practice (in countries formerly called 'real socialism') is aware of a deepening crisis and more definitive, Marxism sociological, that is, the application of Marxian analysis to the analysis of society and the problems posed by current global capitalism (globalization) has not lost its topicality. This is because al carácter riguroso y verdaderamente científico del análisis practicado por Marx a la génesis del capitalismo y a la vigencia de determinadas categorías como las de plusvalía, división social del trabajo, alienación, transformación del trabajo en mercancía, y otros. Si a este análisis marxiano le sumamos los de los sociólogos que siguieron la estela del marxismo en el siglo XX (desde el de Lenin, que estudió el imperialismo colonial como expresión más acabada del capitalismo, o los posteriores análisis de M. Dobb, E. Hobswam, S. Amin, P. Vilar, la Escuela de Frankfurt…) tendremos que concluir que el marxismo sociológico, lejos de haber entrado en una crisis se encuentra en a period of rehabilitation and self-criticism that it is reaffirming one of the most influential sociological doctrines in our culture.
On the contemporary philosophy of Nietzsche
Current Nietzsche's thought comes from the hand of the day of a school or, perhaps, an 'anti-school' of philosophy called postmodernism that since the publication of the book Jean-François Lyotard 'The condition Postmoderne' (1979) calls 'the end of the grand narratives' among them those who held the great "myths" that were proposed in the s. XVIII as an emancipatory reference for Humanity (Reason, Progress, History, Human Rights ....) Following Lyotard other postmodern philosophers such as M. Foucault J. Derrida came much these proposals to the doctrines, or antidoctrinas, Br Nietzsche (1900) and M. Heidegger (1976) (especially the more Nietzschean Heidegger, the Heidegger of Aesthetics) resulting from these approaches very original and effective speeches on the 'deconstruction', the end of history, the differance to the purpose, and other of the same string Nietzschean iconoclast. Corrosive vocation (and therefore Nietzsche: I am not a man, I'm dynamite) is clear in this anti-school that can remind sophistry against Socrates is faced. Personally, I understand that postmodernism was, above all, a fashion and, like all fashions, took its time.
currently on Ortega y Gasset
Three years ago, to commemorate the fiftieth anniversary of the first death of Ortega y Gasset, the daily El Pais published an article by writer Vargas Llosa titled it as the title his most read and quoted (The Revolt of the Masses), in this article glossed some of the ideas characteristic of this author regarding the loss of individual identity of citizens of the states west of the 1 st half of the s XX (the 1 st ed. Of Rebellion is, 1930), the impersonal nature of institutions, and other related topics. But the Peruvian writer was a defect in the liberalism of Ortega: profession of faith was not the free market. This alleged defect was immediately disputed by some authors and some NGOs, such as Francisco Altemir of ATTAC (Association pour la Taxation of Transaction: an organization that moves in line with the proposed anti-globalization economist Tobin) who said that among the Ortega concerns (of a cultural, anthropological, ethical, ...) were not in a prominent place, the economic, but the legitimacy of his liberalism was based on another order of freedoms that were, paradoxically, were being endangered as a result of the evolution of liberalism itself ... As you see, now the thought of Ortega's total. About
Zambrano currently
News Zambrano is to be found more in the historical-cultural domain in the purely philosophical. As this writer and intellectual of the 2nd English Republic was marked his life, both personally and in the academic and productive (as a writer and essayist), the bitter and long experience of exile (over forty years) . It is known that republican law was cut short by the coup of Franco blessed by the Catholic Church in July 1936, and that this act of disobedience plunged Spain into civil war whose ending balance was more than half a million dead and the integration of Spain to a policy International war (Axis Berlin / Rome / Tokyo: The 'axis' of international fascism) that after the end of the 2 nd GM, he brought isolationism, economic backwardness, cultural backwardness, loss of prestige and influence international (excluding the Marshall plan ...), etc. As for the figure of Maria Zambrano, located on the bottom of biographical and dramatic instability apartamientos, podríamos decir que tal vez sea esa faceta suya de mujer combativa, resuelta a hacer oír su voz como republicana y española, por encima de las exclusiones, incomprensiones, paternalismos que imperaban en aquellos largos años que duró su exilio lo que la caracteriza más nítidamente. Y es que toda su labor puede resumirse en un empeño personal por establecer, al margen de muchas incomprensiones, una línea productiva brillante y original a lo largo de la cual se expresa una concepción de la ‘razón vital’ (Ortega) y de la porfía del pensamiento por hacerse una imagen de la misma; empeño éste que ha dado a las letras cultas españolas una de sus más destacadas representantes. Moreover, the most characteristic of his thought, this happy combination of thought and poetry for the sake of promoting a "poetic reason" that affirms the existential axis of the person, because this is where it is conjugarían existential planes, phenomenological and vital and which would converge speeches as seemingly distant as the neo-Platonist Plotinus or the rationalist Spinoza no longer a matter of attention and analysis in our days, as evidenced by the growing number of publications devoted to the interpretation of his thought (Mayllard Chantal works of Ana Bungaard, A. Galindo ...).
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