HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL
(later philosopher).: A summary.
The Two Treatises on Government IVIL c constitute a compendium of philosophical-anthropological work of policy in which John Locke (1632-1704) stated, initially anonymously: edition of 1690 - its political thought and constitutional proposals directed toward the best government civil society. Being the First Treatise important in the sense that throughout its chapters is a critique of the 'patriarchy', ie the absolute monarchy, the political formula that was established in Great Britain and the rest of Europe throughout the seventeenth century and much of the eighteenth century, was the Second Treatise , more technical and decisive, which is over exerting greater influence both in defining the doctrinal body of political liberalism as the European and American constitutionalism (North, Central and South America: American emancipation movements the third decade of the nineteenth century are not so late reflections of women's emancipation in the late eighteenth century in the British colonies of North America, this autonomy movement directly influenced by European artwork, especially the English and French).
These politicians was treated and released while Locke was given to the innate response to Cartesian with short but highly influential An Essay Concerning Human Understanding "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding , also from 1690 ( if they are not, as Locke argues in his political tracts, possible rationale institutions are based on the 'innateness patriarchal', neither do, as argued in the philosophical treatise, innate ideas: Just simple and complex ideas, naturally linked to sensory experience).
The production of these basic texts of Locke is part of a political, social and religious instability and continuous crisis in Britain. Such crises express clashes between a landowner and privileged nobility and bourgeoisie struggle for a new system that promotes their business and social promotion (this is the bourgeoisie of the coming Industrial Revolution.) And it happened, such crisis since the reign James I (1603-1625) , already established himself as a king 'constitutionalist' (Locke cited the speech of this king 'parliament' in the Chap. XVIII of Second Treatise, which he called From tyranny) until the Stuart Restoration (1660-1688) -with the execution of Charles I, successor of James I, a long chapter of civil war (1642-1648), and eleven years of Parliamentary Republic (1649 - 1660) in between. It is at this period of the Restoration of the Stuarts in the person of Charles II, also known outbreak of the "Glorious Revolution" in 1688, a period culminating in a Bill of Rights (Bill of Rights) in 1689, which is to frame the production and the most important episodes in the life of Locke, who died in 1703, the third year after the beginning of hostilities against Spain and France (War of Succession: 1701-1714), without the satisfaction of having been completely consolidated the system of political liberties to the defense and promotion had devoted his intellectual production and the most strenuous efforts of his life.
Regarding the influence of these political writings of Locke suffice it to say that the proposals contained in the second volume of the Second Treatise are also in the spirit and the letter of the Bill of Rights Virginia (the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1776), direct antecedent of the Constitution Independent States of America (USA) and the Declaration Universal Rights of Man and Citizen (1789: French Revolution). In this Second Treatise Locke states that it is the Aristotelian principle of seeking the common good (or the pursuit of happiness for individuals, as a normative political horizon) which should justify and support any political system. It does also invoking the same principle of Roman civil law at the time inspired Cicero's speeches on the law : Salus populi suprema lex .
Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, two 'framers' of the United States, were once Lockean influenced by these proposals on a 'common good', 'better government', the 'subordination of the powers of the state' to safeguarding the common good which is the integration of individual goods, the partitioning and non-interference of the powers of the state between them (the legislative, judicial and executive: Half a century later, these ideas will be developed more diligently by Montesquieu), or the pursuit of happiness (The pursuit of happines: Life, liberty, and pursuit of happines) . The search or the imagination to achieve happiness as a right to be recognized and encouraged in constitutional texts, as indeed it was in most pro-democratic constitutions of the nineteenth century and is the current U.S. constitution. UU. This same principle also inspired the English constitutionalists of 1812, which established in Article 13 of the Constitution of Cadiz, in Chapter III The Government that " The purpose of government is the happiness of the Nation since the end of all political society is none other than the welfare of the individuals who compose . " In the English Constitution of 1978 the word 'happiness' is missing. In the European Constitution either, because there is none.
Incidentally (this should not sabérselo, but will not hurt you find out): What is in Europe or the European Union, is a Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe , no longer a project. But a project largely aborted by the refusal of France and the Netherlands to sign it after it was endorsed by Spain in April 2005 with 44% participation. But the 'no' after France and the Netherlands was more decisive, as voted over 60% of those summoned, and they did it to say no, which caused an institutional crisis in which Europe does not seem to be able to get ( despite what we face out). We assume that this may mean something, but do not have time or space to develop these ideas here.
ELSE
http://www.paginasobrefilosofia.com/html/Locke2/prelocke.html In is the full Second Treatise. There is also a biography, a historical framework, and even some tests to see how we as in Locke.
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