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Ancient Mesoamerica News Updates 2011, No. 15: Cañada de la Virgen, Guanajuato - New Book "The mountain and the sky" Describes Ancient Hñahñu (Otomi) Archaeoastronomical The
Phenomena National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) just posted a bulletin on the new publication "The mountain and sky," which describe archaeoastronomical phemenomena at the site of Cañada de la Virgen, San Miguel de Allende, Located in the Mexican state of Guanajuato. The site WAS Occupied circa AD 540-1050 and WAS found by the Hñahñu (Otomi). The book is written by archaeologist Rossana Quiroz Ennis and is based on seven years of research at the site. The INAH bulletin describe, in short, Some of the phenomena and Some of the buildings Involved (edited by amanu):
They document the ancient astronomy Hñahñu - Progress archaeoastronomical studies made in the Glen of the Archaeological Zone Virgin in San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, are presented in the book The hill and sky, which examines how the ancient Hñahñu built this architectural complex, occupied between 540 and 1050 AD, from the observation of the sky.
After looking at the sky and develop a more than seven years in pre-Hispanic site was opened on February 10, archaeologist Rossana Quiroz Ennis detailed in this publication were accurate knowledge that the builders of this city, particularly cycles of the Sun and the Moon.
In the book, published by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) with support from the State Government Guanajuato, the researcher reports that record the movement of the stars, was instrumental in the development of daily activities-Hñahñu Otomi peoples, "An example of this is that the rising and setting of the sun were related to agriculture, while the lunar cycle was associated with gathering and hunting."
This study is part of the Celestial Observations Programme Area in Cañada de la Virgen Archaeological Site, developed by researchers at the INAH, the initiative began in 2003 and has been corroborated over the years that this site had an important astronomical sense, "Because knowledge of astronomy was connected to the survival and social organization of farming villages," said Rossana Quiroz Ennis.
March, he said, is a special month for the ceremonial, for the day 4, the sun and the moon a few days later, pass through the gate of the complex A or House of the Thirteen Heavens, that is the main architectural Cañada de la Virgen. "Both stars go down to the sacred hill, as regards the metaphor of the seeds that fall to earth," said Quiroz Ennis.
The expert of the Institute of Anthropological Research of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, said that in most explored archaeological sites in Mexico, Tula and Teotihuacan, the buildings are oriented toward the east, so the sun emerges from behind of the pyramids.
"For Cañada de la Virgen opposite happens, the buildings are to the west, a pattern rare in Mesoamerica, which favors the Sun appears in front, this event is seen most clearly in the House of the Thirteen Heavens, where the star passes through its portal and makes it appear that goes into it. "
This phenomenon, he added, so with the moon and deals symbolically with the landscape of the underworld, through the night, so this site is more related to the lunar aspect.
"The emphasis on the moon is a feature that distinguishes this site from others that have been studied archaeo approach, the contemplation of this satellite was related to the collection dates, even with this knowledge could predict eclipses.
"Most sites are governed by solar calendars because it's easier interpretation, the star has two solstices and equinox, the account is 20 days in the case of the Mesoamerican calendar, and 13 for the tonalamatl or book of days. "
after referring to the moon is changing all the time and space of a full moon takes 29.53 days, the archaeologist explained that in Cañada de la Virgen lunar cycle marked the moments for the hunt, time of blooming cactus The moment women were to give birth, the time of the fall de la lluvia, los tiempos favorables para sembrar, entre muchas otras cuestiones de la vida cotidiana.
Rossana Quiroz subrayó que el conocimiento que los hñahñu (otomí) tenían de la Luna, les permitió determinar las fechas de los eclipses, que eran momentos relevantes en la cosmovisión mesoamericana, “porque eran instantes en donde el equilibrio se perdía, en culturas como la otomí un eclipse significaba que el Sol se comió o mató a la Luna o viceversa.
“Los eclipses eran momentos de cuidado, sin embargo, curiosamente en algunos códices, como el Huichapan, eran periodos propicios para que se nombrara un nuevo jerarca dentro de la comunidad”, concluyó.
Además the recent publication of the book The Hill and the sky, archaeologist Rossana Quiroz Ennis presents a traveling exhibition allusive, consisting of 45 photographs in light boxes, which has been displayed since last year in cultural venues of Michoacan and Guanajuato, currently shown in Tuxteco Regional Museum in Veracruz. (Source INAH)